Novel therapies for Propionic acidemia – update Sept. 2018

Novel therapies for Propionic acidemia

Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, MD, Fondazione Telethon, Italy

This proposal was focused on the characterization of a fish model of propionic acidemia (PA) and on the development of novel therapies. The PA medaka fish model was found to recapitulate several clinical and biochemical features of the human disease, including reduced survival and locomotor activity, hepatic lipid accumulation, increased propionylcarnitine, methylcitrate, and propionate. Moreover, PA fishes showed better survival when fed with low-protein diet.

To gain insight into the disease pathogenesis and to search for potentially novel therapeutic targets, we performed an unbiased 3’-mRNA-Seq and NMR-based metabolome analyses. Both analyses showed global differences between PA and wild-type (wt) medaka. Interestingly, metabolism of glycine and serine resulted affected both at transcriptional and metabolites level and further studies are ongoing to investigate the role of these changes in the disease pathogenesis. Moreover, we found a marked increase in protein propionylation in PA fishes compared to wt controls. Protein propionylation is a post-translational modification occurring under normal conditions but its physiological role is unknown. Like protein acetylation, it is likely involved in regulation of gene expression, protein-protein interactions, and enzyme function. Interestingly, NAD-dependent sirtuins that are responsible of deacetylation of multiple proteins and have also de-propionylating activity, were significantly reduced in PA fishes. We speculated that aberrant protein propionylation in PA is toxic and proteomic studies are ongoing to reveal proteins with aberrant propionylation. With the support of this grant several drug candidates have been also investigated with the goal of developing new pharmacological approaches for PA.

In conclusion, we performed extensive phenotyping of the PA fish model that can be useful to unravel novel disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

aggiornato settembre 2018

Targeting Serine and Thiol Metabolism in Propionic Acidemia

Targeting Serine and Thiol Metabolism in Propionic Acidemia

Hilary Vernon,,en,McKusick-Nathans Istituto di Medicina Genetica,,en,John Hopkins University,,en,Maryland,,en,Hilary Vernon,,en,McKusick-Nathans Istituto di Medicina Genetica,,en,John Hopkins University,,en,Maryland,,en,Hilary Vernon,,en,McKusick-Nathans Istituto di Medicina Genetica,,en,John Hopkins University,,en,Maryland,,en,Hilary Vernon,,en,McKusick-Nathans Istituto di Medicina Genetica,,en,John Hopkins University,,en,Maryland,,en, MD PhD, Johns Hopkins University

Mentre è noto da diversi decenni che la disfunzione dell'enzima propionil-CoA carbossilasi è alla base dell'acidemia propionica,,en,molti adattamenti metabolici fondamentali a valle di questo difetto primario non sono ben definiti,,en,Nella nostra ricerca,,en,abbiamo sviluppato e studiato un nuovo modello cellulare di PA,,en,con l'obiettivo di capire come la cellula è colpita nella PA,,en,e identificare nuovi percorsi per il potenziale targeting per trattamento,,en,Inizialmente abbiamo studiato l'espressione delle proteine nei fibroblasti,,en,cellule della pelle,,en,da individui con PA,,en,e metaboliti nelle urine da individui con PA,,en,e ha scoperto cambiamenti nei percorsi correlati al metabolismo della serina,,en,La serina è un amminoacido importante che è coinvolto nella sintesi degli intermedi di folato,,en,glutatione,,en,e altri importanti metaboliti cellulari,,en (PA), many key downstream metabolic adaptions to this primary defect are not well defined. In our research, we developed and studied a new cellular model of PA, with the goals of understanding how the cell is affected in PA, and to identify new pathways for potential treatment targeting.

We initially studied both protein expression in fibroblasts (skin cells) from individuals with PA, and metabolites in urine from individuals with PA, and discovered changes in pathways related to serine metabolism. Serine is an important amino acid that is involved in the synthesis of folate intermediates, glutathione, and other important cellular metabolites. Il metabolismo della serina è di particolare interesse perché è stato anche dimostrato di recente essere disregolato in altre malattie mitocondriali,,en,e c'è un crescente interesse su come indirizzare questo percorso per l'intervento terapeutico,,en,Per studiare più da vicino questi risultati,,en,abbiamo sviluppato un nuovo modello cellulare di carenza di propionil-CoA carbossilasi,,en,dove abbiamo usato la tecnologia CRISPR per mutare il gene PCCA in una linea di cellule renali chiamata HEK293,,en,Questa nuova linea cellulare ha importanti caratteristiche biochimiche di PA,,en,inclusa l'assenza della proteina PCCA,,en,propionil-carnitina elevata,,en,metilmalonil-carnitina molto bassa,,en,ed elevata glicina,,en,Abbiamo scoperto che quando queste cellule sono in fase di crescita,,en, and there is a growing interest in how to target this pathway for therapeutic intervention.

In order to more closely study these findings, we developed a new cellular model of propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency, where we used CRISPR technology to mutate the PCCA gene in a kidney cell line called HEK293. This new model cell line has important biochemical hallmarks of PA, including absence of the PCCA protein, elevated propionyl-carnitine, very low methylmalonyl-carnitine, and elevated glycine. We discovered that when these cells are in the growth phase, esprimono geni coinvolti nella sintesi della serina a livelli più alti rispetto alle cellule che hanno attività propionil-CoA carbossilasi normale,,en,Abbiamo inoltre scoperto che le cellule PA sono molto sensibili alla privazione della serina nei loro terreni di coltura,,en,e crescere più lentamente delle cellule con attività intatta di propionil-CoA carbossilasi,,en,Questa anormalità della crescita non si vede quando le cellule sono cresciute in mezzi che contengono serina,,en,abbiamo esaminato questi stessi percorsi in un modello CRISPR di acidemia metilmalonica,,en,un disturbo strettamente correlato alla PA,,en,e mentre abbiamo trovato qualche sovrapposizione di sensibilità alla serina,,en,i modelli di espressione genica sono diversi,,en,Ciò evidenzia l'unicità biochimica della PA,,en,stiamo completando studi di metabolomica di flusso in queste cellule,,en,che determinerà esattamente a cosa viene metabolizzata questa serina,,en. We further discovered that the PA cells are very sensitive to deprivation of serine in their culture media, and grow slower than cells with intact propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity. This growth abnormality is not seen when the cells are grown in media that contains serine. Interestingly, we looked at these same pathways in a CRISPR model of methylmalonic acidemia, a closely related disorder to PA, and while we found some overlap in sensitivity to serine, the gene expression patterns we different. This highlights the biochemical uniqueness of PA. Currently, we are completing flux metabolomics studies in these cells, which will determine exactly what this serine is being metabolized to, e ci aspettiamo che questi esperimenti siano completati entro la fine di agosto,,en,Nei nostri prossimi passi,,en,abbiamo in programma di studiare come trattare le cellule con metaboliti diversi può alleviare questo difetto di crescita della serina,,en,Vorremmo ringraziare sinceramente la Propionic Acidemia Foundation per sostenere la nostra ricerca,,en,Il finanziamento che abbiamo ricevuto ha portato a importanti scoperte nel nostro lavoro,,en,e siamo entusiasti di continuare a portare avanti questa ricerca nei prossimi anni,,en. In our next steps, we plan to study how treating the cells with different metabolites may alleviate this serine growth defect.

We would like to sincerely thank the Propionic Acidemia Foundation for supporting our research. The funding we received has led to important breakthroughs in our work, and we are excited to continue to move this research forward in the coming years.

aggiornato settembre 2018

Delima Page

Raccolta fondi per la Fondazione dell'Acidemia Propionica,,en,in memoria di Lauren e in onore di Jenna,,en,mamma a Jenna e Lauren correrà la Mezza maratona classica di Vancouver Fall a novembre,,en,... nello stesso momento in cui altri genitori PAF gestiscono la maratona di New York,,en,Stiamo raccogliendo fondi per il PAF,,en,come nostra figlia adulta Jenna continua a vivere con questo disturbo,,en,Più ricerca e finanziamenti sono necessari per avvicinarsi alla ricerca di una cura,,en,Siamo ottimisti riguardo alla vita di Jenna,,en,una cura sarà trovata,,en,Jenna è ora un adulto,,en,Sta girando,,en,il 18 novembre,,en,Si è laureata in scienze della vita del liceo ed è,,en,transizione a un programma chiamato Gateway To Adulthood,,en,GTA,,en,Lo stato metabolico di Jenna è rimasto stabile,,en,l'anno scorso quando Jenna si è voltata,,en,improvvisamente ha avuto il suo primo attacco,,en (PAF) in memory of Lauren and in honour of Jenna

Aiuta Aubrey a raggiungere il suo obiettivo,,en,Obbiettivo,,en,Alzato a,,en!

Goal: $2500 Raised as of 11/12: $1167

Aubrey, mom to Jenna and Lauren will run the Vancouver Fall Classic Half Marathon on Nov. 4^th, 2018… at the same time as other PAF parents are running the NY Marathon!

We are fundraising for PAF, as our adult daughter Jenna continues to live with this disorder. More research and funding arerequired to get closer to finding a cure! We are optimistic that in Jenna’s lifetime, a cure will be found.

Jenna is now an adult. She is turning 20 on November 18th! She graduated high-school life skills and is transitioned to a program called Gateway To Adulthood (GTA). Jenna’s metabolic status has been stable. Tuttavia, last year when Jenna turned 19 she suddenly had her first seizure. È stato un momento spaventoso per noi perché non abbiamo capito perché ha sviluppato l'epilessia,,en,Stava succedendo spesso,,en,Con una crisi metabolica,,en,conoscevamo il nostro protocollo,,en,Ancora,,en,con le convulsioni dovevamo stare all'erta e costantemente alla presenza di Jenna,,en,come potrebbe accadere in qualsiasi momento,,en,Come con qualsiasi adolescente "normale",,en,Jenna desidera ardentemente la sua indipendenza e cerca l'amore di un ragazzo,,en,Ammette di essere romantica e vuole che il suo principe azzurro venga un giorno e la spazzi da terra,,en,Jenna è piuttosto la fashionista,,en,pure,,en,Lei vuole,,en,un giorno,,en,inizia la sua linea di abbigliamento che ha disegnato,,en,Nel suo tempo libero,,en,le piace creare storie,,en,Storie d'amore,,en,per essere precisi,,en,Chiederà ai suoi amici di recitare la sua storia,,en,Come un direttore del capo,,en,Jenna sa quello che vuole e dice a tutti i loro panini,,en. It was happening often. With a metabolic crisis, we knew our protocol. Yet, with seizures we had to be alert and constantly in Jenna’s presence, as it could happen at any time.

As with any “normal” teen, Jenna is longing for her independence and seeks the love of a boy. She admits to being a romantic and wants her prince charming to come one day and sweep her off her feet! Jenna is quite the fashionista, too. She wants to (one day) start her own clothing line that she designed. In her free time, she likes to create stories: Love stories, to be exact. She will ask her friends to act out her story. Like a boss director, Jenna knows what she wants and tells everyone their rolls! Siamo estremamente orgogliosi di nostra figlia,,en,Una volta che un bambino abbiamo pensato che non avremmo visto per vivere l'età passata,,en,ora è un adulto prospero e vive una vita bellissima,,en,Aiutaci a raggiungere il nostro obiettivo di crescere,,en,Di seguito sono riportati i dettagli dell'anno precedente,,en,raccolta fondi,,en,risultati,,en,Quest'anno segna il,,en,anno della campagna familiare DELIMA in memoria di Lauren,,en,la famiglia DELIMA,,en,Pagina Delima,,en. Once a baby we thought we would not see to live past age of 3, is now a thriving adult and living a beautiful life.

Help us reach our goal of raising $2500 per PAF!

Below are details of previous year’s fundraising results & photos:

This year marks the 8^th year of the DELIMA family campaign in memory of Lauren.

Thank you for your continued support.

Love, the DELIMA Family

PAF sponsors research on propionic acidemia by minority students – Summer 2017

Last summer, Acidemia Fondazione propionico (PAF) established a collaboration with Dr. Patricia Schneider from the department of Biology at Queensborough Community College (QCC, Queens, New York) to sponsor a project on the impact of propionic acid in the incidence of autism in Propionic Acidemia (PA) affected individuals. The project was part of the research initiative “Bridges to the Baccaularate”, a National Institute of Health (NIH) funded project that provides resources for a summer research project for minority students. Designed and mentored by Dr. Marisa Cotrina, herself the mother of a PA child, this work investigated the incidence of autism in the propionic acidemia population and the validity of mouse models of autism to study the impact of propionic acid in brain. A unique asset of the project was the utilization of the data collected by the PAF PA International Patient Registry. The authors of the study are currently preparing a manuscript for publication of the results found.

At the end of the project, our student, Sindy Ferreiras, had the opportunity to present her research in the area of Neuroscience at the Annual Biomedical Research Conference for minority students (ABRCAMS) that took place in Phoenix, Arizona last November. Well done, Sindy!

PAF Awards grant for Dr. Oleg Shchelochkov and Dr. Charles P. Venditti for $32,912

PAF assegnato un $32,912 research grant to Oleg Shchelochkov, M.d. and Charles P. Venditti MD, PhD at National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health – 2018

“Diversion of Isoleucine and Valine Oxidative Pathway to Reduce the Propionogenic Load in Propionic Acidemia.”

Patients with propionic acidemia require lifelong protein restriction. In addition to taking a protein restricted diet, many propionic acidemia patients are also prescribed medical formulas. This dietary approach aims to decrease the intake of four amino acids that can become propionic acid. These four amino acids – isoleucina, valina, threonine, and methionine – are called essential, because they cannot be made in the human body and need to be supplied from foods. Too much protein intake creates a situation where excess can lead to a buildup of propionic acid in the body. On the other hand, limiting these four amino acids too much can lead to poor growth. Dunque, patients’ diets are optimized to minimize propionic acid production while encouraging good growth. We wonder whether it is possible to increase dietary protein intake while minimizing the risk of propionic acid buildup.

To answer this question, we are planning to do a series of experiments in zebrafish. Why use zebrafish? Zebrafish share significant similarity to humans in how they process propionic acid. Inoltre, zebrafish reproduce and mature quickly, which are very important qualities to help search for new drugs that could be used to treat propionic acidemia. Our zebrafish are kept in a special building where the animals are being cared for by a dedicated team that includes scientists, veterinarians, engineers, aquatic specialists, and many others. They check on fish and feed them several times a day, maintain fish tanks, and keep their water very clean.

This type of facility is unique and had enabled our studies of metabolic diseases in zebrafish. Our ongoing studies have shown that zebrafish affected by metabolic diseases have symptoms that are very similar to patients. Even with treatment, affected fish have difficulty growing, get tired easily, have poor appetites and sometimes perish before adulthood. Using special genomic tools, we are planning to change in how the fish processes protein to direct it away from becoming propionic acid. As we make these changes to the biochemical pathways of propionic acidemia zebrafish, we will be carefully watching how these treatments improve their growth, development, appetite and survival. These experiments will help us understand how we can potentially reduce propionic acid toxicity while helping patients achieve a less restrictive diet.

Intervista a Joel Pardo – Summer 2020

Puoi parlarmi di te e di come ti sei interessato alla scienza?

Sono sempre stato interessato alle scienze. Penso che alla fine ciò che mi ha spinto verso una carriera nella scienza sia stata la mia esperienza di ricerca presso l'Università della California, San Diego. Il tutoraggio che ho ricevuto dal dott. Joshua Bloomekatz mi ha aiutato a sviluppare la capacità di ragionare scientificamente e ad apprezzare le opportunità di crescita professionale. Da lui ho imparato come progettare esperimenti per rispondere a importanti domande scientifiche. Abbiamo avuto spesso lunghe discussioni sulla direzione del mio progetto. Mi ha aiutato a dare un senso alla raccolta di osservazioni provenienti da diverse fonti e ha coltivato il mio pensiero indipendente., Ho cominciato a vedere me stesso come un giorno che contribuisce al pensiero scientifico come medico-scienziato.

Durante la tua formazione presso NIH, hai lavorato a un progetto per trovare nuovi trattamenti usando il pesce zebra. Cosa hai trovato eccitante e stimolante nello studio del pesce zebra?

La maggior parte delle persone ha familiarità con i topi, che sono spesso usati nella scienza per trovare e testare nuovi farmaci. Lavorare con i topi richiede molto lavoro per avere abbastanza animali necessari per un esperimento. Pesce zebra, d'altro canto, può produrre centinaia di prole dopo un ciclo di riproduzione. Il pesce zebra depone le uova direttamente nell'acqua, il che rende anche più facile studiarli subito dopo la schiusa. Un po 'sorprendentemente,gli enzimi del pesce zebra che gestiscono l'acido propionico sono molto simili agli enzimi negli esseri umani. Queste due proprietà del pesce zebra lo rendono un modello interessante per studiare una malattia come l'acidemia propionica.

Una delle parti più impegnative della mia ricerca sul pesce zebra è stata la loro dimensione. La prole del pesce zebra è molto piccola, misura meno di un quarto di pollice. Ho dovuto passare molto tempo a guardare i pesci zebra al microscopio e imparare a spostarli senza ferirli. Questo può essere difficile in quanto questi piccoli animali sono fragili in questa giovane età.

Puoi parlarci del tuo progetto PA?

In precedenza nel mio lavoro, siamo riusciti a prendere il pesce zebra, che presentava mutazioni nei geni legati all'acidemia propionica. Avevo bisogno di capire cosa fa l'acidemia propionica al pesce zebra. Siamo stati in grado di dimostrare che l'acidemia propionica nel pesce zebra assomiglia molto alla malattia che vediamo nei pazienti. I pesci con acidemia propionica avevano scarso appetito, non è cresciuto bene, e aveva difficoltà a muoversi. Utilizzando strumenti genetici speciali, abbiamo quindi tentato di cambiare il modo in cui i pesci zebra elaboravano l'acido propionico e li aiutavano a sopravvivere più a lungo. I nostri risultati preliminari si stanno dimostrando promettenti, ma è ancora necessario altro lavoro.

Quali sono i tuoi piani dopo aver completato la tua formazione presso NIH?

Il programma NIH postbac è un premio di ricerca a tempo pieno per studenti che hanno recentemente completato una laurea e stanno valutando una carriera nel campo della scienza o della medicina. Ho avuto la fortuna di unirmi al dott. Il laboratorio di Charles Venditti 2 anni fa per lavorare al progetto zebrafish sotto il dott. Oleg Shchelochkov. Ho apprezzato molto la mia esperienza post-bac. Guardando indietro al passato 2 years, Sento il laboratorio, e in particolare il tutoraggio del dott. Shchelochkov, ha facilitato e alimentato la mia crescita come futuro medico-scienziato con radici nella ricerca sull'acidemia propionica. In 2019 Ho fatto domanda per programmi di MD / PhD in diverse università statunitensi. Dopo aver viaggiato in più di una mezza dozzina di stati e aver sostenuto colloqui in molte fantastiche università, Alla fine ho deciso il programma di formazione per medico-scienziato presso l'Università del Minnesota. Mentre pianifico la mia transizione al programma, Attualmente sto cercando cappotti invernali.

SIMD 2018

Esibizioni PAF al 40 ° Annual,,en,Jill Chertow ha rappresentato il PAF e la comunità PA alla 40a Società annuale di disordini metabolici ereditari,,en,SIMD,,ar,l'11-14 marzo a San Diego,,en,PAF ha collaborato con la National Urea Cycle Disorders Foundation,,en,sul nostro stand espositivo per educare i fornitori di iperammoniemia,,en,L'obiettivo del PAF era anche quello di mettersi in contatto con i medici del PAF e attirare ricercatori a collaborare con il PAF per gli studi sulla PA,,en,L'incontro è stata una grande opportunità per conoscere nuove ricerche sui disordini metabolici,,en,aggiornamenti di screening neonatali e problemi relativi all'accesso e al costo delle terapie farmacologiche,,en,SIGNORINA.,,en,R.D,,en,presentato su,,en,Raccomandazioni sulla assunzione di proteine per l'acidemia propionica nelle linee guida sulla gestione SERN-GMDI basate sull'evidenza.,,en,Le linee guida sulla nutrizione continuano ad essere un argomento caldo,,en SIMD Meeting – marzo 11 -14, 2018, San Diego, CA

Jill Chertow represented PAF and the PA Community at the 40th Annual Society of Inherited Metabolic Disorders (SIMD) on March 11-14th in San Diego, California. PAF partnered with the National Urea Cycle Disorders Foundation (NUCDF) on our exhibit booth to educate providers about hyperammonemia. PAF’s goal was also to network with PAF clinicians and attract researchers to collaborate with PAF on studies for PA . The meeting was a great opportunity to hear about new research in metabolic disorders, newborn screening updates and issues about access and cost of drug therapies. Elaina Jurecki, M.S., R.D. presented on “Protein Intake Recommendations for Propionic Acidemia in the Evidence-based SERN-GMDI Management Guidelines.” Nutrition guidelines continue to be a hot topic. Argomenti interessanti dei poster includevano l'uso di cibo medico,,en,e terapia anaplerotica,,en,Durante le pause e i pasti c'era il tempo di fare rete con i medici,,en,fornitori di alimenti medicali,,en,gruppi di advocacy,,en,e industria,,en,C'è speranza per un numero di potenziali nuove terapie nell'mRNA,,en,terapia genetica,,en,terapia enzimatica sostitutiva e / o nuovi farmaci per la prima volta,,en, liver transplant, and anaplerotic therapy.

During the breaks and meals there was time to network with physicians, dietitians, researchers, medical food providers, advocacy groups, and industry. There is hope for a number of potential new therapies in mRNA, gene therapy, enzyme replacement therapy and/or new medications for the first time.

Liver Transplantation for Propionic Acidemia: FAQ

Liver Transplantation for Propionic Acidemia:

Part 1 – Answers to Questions that Families May Have

James Squires, MD, MS

Dr. James Squires

Dr. Squires is a liver disease specialist at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and an assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.

Jodie M. Vento, MGC, LCGC

Jodie Vento is a genetic counselor and manager of the Center for Rare Disease Therapy at the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC.

What can we expect that a liver transplant could do for our child?

Based on experience to date with liver transplants in children with Propionic Acidemia (PA),we can say that after a liver transplant,children are likely to have a substantially better quality of life and a dramatic reduction in metabolic crises. It’s important for families to understand, tuttavia, that liver transplantation is not a cure for PA. This is because the enzyme deficiency that causes PA exists throughout the body, not just in the liver.

The liver transplant serves as what we liver specialists call a bulk enzyme replacement, providing enough functional enzyme to minimize – if not eliminate –metabolic crises, which are the most severe complications of PA for affected children as well as one of the most frightening features of the disease for families.

Because complications related to PA may still occur following a transplant, there will be a continued need for your child to get follow-up care with one or more medical specialists.

Is there a minimum or “best” age for a child with PA to have a liver transplant?

There is no minimum or “best” age. At our center, the average age of a liver transplant for a child with PA is about seven years old, but we have performed transplants in children as young as one year old.

The best time to consider a liver transplant is while the symptoms of PA are still reasonably well controlled. There is also no minimum age for undergoing a pre-transplant evaluation or being placed on the transplant waiting list.

What should we consider when deciding where to take our child for a liver transplant evaluation?

The most important factor to consider is the experience of the surgical team performing liver transplants in patients with PA and other metabolic diseases. These patients have complex needs that are different from those of patients receiving liver transplants for other conditions.

The pediatric liver transplantation program at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC was established in 1981 by world-renowned transplant surgeon Thomas E. Starzl, MD, Dottorato di Ricerca. Our t Director of Pediatric Transplantation, George Mazariegos, MD, FACS, pioneered liver transplantation for children with metabolic diseases in 2004. Since that time, Children’s Hospital has performed more than 330 liver transplants for children with metabolic disease,more than any other transplant center.

We’ve also performed more liver transplants in children than any other center in the United States and more living-donor transplants than any other pediatric center in the country. Our one-year survival rate for pediatric liver transplant patients is 98%, exceeding the national average of 95%, according to the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Jan. 2018 release.

In addition to our world-renowned and experienced liver transplant surgeons, our Center for Rare Disease Therapy includes international experts in the diagnosis and treatment of PA and other metabolic diseases.

How would we start the process of having our child evaluated for a liver transplant?

I can tell you how the process works here at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC. It starts with a referral from your doctor or hospital requesting that we evaluate your child. We also receive self-referrals directly from interested families. We will ask the doctor or hospital, or both, to send us all of your child’s medical records.

We will look at the records carefully to help us understand your child’s medical history and current situation. This information helps our multidisciplinary team develop an individualized plan for your child’s evaluation visit. Per esempio, if your child has recently had certain laboratory or imaging tests done, we won’t repeat those tests unless there’s a valid medical reason for doing so. Understanding how the disease is affecting your child helps us identify which specialists your child should see during the evaluation.

It’s important for families to know that undergoing a pre-transplant evaluation involves no commitment on either side. It carries no guarantee that your child will be listed for a transplant or, conversely, any requirement that you must agree to have your child placed on the transplant waiting list. We can answer questions, provide information, and make recommendations. Ultimately, tuttavia, the decision to proceed with a transplant, or not, is a personal one for each family to make.

The evaluation is an opportunity for the family and the health care team to meet and get to know each other, as well as for the family to gather information and get answers to any and all questions you may have. We hope you’ll feel comfortable raising any concerns. Please don’t hesitate to ask us about any issue that’s on your mind. There are no dumb or silly questions. And, of course, if after you’ve gone home you think of something that you wish you had asked, please give us a call.

You can expect that the evaluation will be a two- or three-day event. The staff of our Center for Rare Disease Therapy will work with you to arrange for you, your child, and other family members to stay near the hospital, either at our Ronald McDonald house or at a nearby hotel, while you’re here for the evaluation.

We’ll send you a schedule in advance of your visit. This will tell you which medical and surgical specialists you’ll be seeing at what times and what laboratory or imaging tests we would like your child to have during the evaluation. To the extent possible, we try to anticipate all the testing we’ll need so that it’s a relatively smooth process while you’re here.

Please tell us more about what we can expect during our child’s evaluation.

Because PA is a genetic disease, the specialists you’ll see will likely include a medical geneticist and a metabolic dietician. Anche, because PA often causes heart problems, your child’s evaluation is likely to include basic heart function tests and an assessment by a cardiologist. Depending on how the disease is affecting your child, the evaluation may also include visits with specialists such as the following:

A neurologist, to assess brain function
A gastroenterologist, to assess pancreas function
A hematologist, to assess bone marrow function

Although we try to anticipate all the testing we’ll need and schedule it in advance, sometimes we may decide that it would be helpful to do an additional test that wasn’t originally on the schedule. Per esempio, depending on the results of the basic heart function tests, the cardiologist might want to do a “stress test” that will provide more detailed information and measurements relating to how well your child’s heart is functioning.

If we decide to go ahead with listing our child for a transplant, what are our options for obtaining a donor liver? How long can we expect it to take to find a compatible donor?

PA is considered a high-priority condition for liver transplantation, so your child’s name will be near the top of the waiting list. Tuttavia, because demand for donor livers is high and supply is limited, I tell families to be prepared to be on the waiting list for several months.

With any liver transplant, devono essere eseguiti test accurati per garantire la compatibilità del fegato del donatore e del trapianto. Molti fattori possono influenzare il tempo di attesa per un organo compatibile,en. Per esempio, a child with an uncommon blood type may face a longer wait.

In general, child-size donor livers are scarce. A unique feature of the liver, tuttavia, is that it is the only organ in the human body that can regrow. This means that in some cases it’s possible to transplant a section of a healthy liver rather than the whole organ. Per esempio, a child who needs a liver transplant may receive a section of a liver from an adult donor. You may hear this type of transplant referred to as a “reduced-size” or “split” liver transplant.

Another type of liver transplant involves a living person – such as a relative, friend, or even a stranger – donating a section of their liver to someone who needs a transplant. Living-donor transplants may be an option for some children with PA. Tuttavia, because PA is a genetic disease, parents and possibly siblings may be carriers of one of the genetic defects that cause the disease. Someone who is a carrier would not be a suitable living donor.

The good news is that children who receive a partial liver seem to do just as well as those who receive a whole liver. All of the options for obtaining a donor liver, including a reduced-size, split, or living-donor transplant, are discussed during the pre-transplant evaluation.

We’ve decided that a liver transplant is right for our child. What are the next steps?

When your child’s name is placed on the liver transplant waiting list, we will give you a pager that you will need to take with you everywhere you go so that we can reach you right away when we get a call that a matching donor liver is available. We don’t know when that call will come, but when it does you’ll need to be able to get to Children’s Hospital in a safe, but timely fashion. The transplant team will work with you to establish a ‘travel plan’ for you and your family for when the transplant is likely to occur.

While your child is on the waiting list, our specialists will work with your local doctors to care for your child and optimize their medical condition ahead of the transplant.

We know that waiting can be a difficult time for families. Your transplant coordinator is always available to respond to your questions and concerns and can also help you make travel arrangements.

Once you arrive at the hospital, preparations for the transplant may take from 12 to 24 hours. Your child will undergo another round of tests to confirm that the donor liver is a good match. Your child will also need to fast before surgery. Our metabolic dieticians will help us prepare intravenous fluids to provide your child with an individualized balance of fats, protein, and glucose to maintain stability while they can’t take anything by mouth.

The liver transplantation surgery may take up to several hours, although this varies in each case. While your child is in the operating room, a member of the transplant team will keep you informed on the progress of the transplant.

After the surgery, your child will go to the intensive care unit to be monitored closely until their condition is stable. Then your child will be moved to the liver transplant unit. Staff here will help you learn about your child’s medications, diet, need for follow-up care, and anything else you’ll need to know to care for your child.

After the transplant, will our child have to take anti-rejection medication?

After a liver transplant, you should expect that your child will need to take medication for the rest of his or her life to prevent organ rejection. The body’s normal reaction to a transplanted organ is to recognize it as a “foreign agent” and mount an immune response against the new liver. Anti-rejection medications suppress the immune system, which is the body’s defense system against illness and infection, to prevent it from attacking the new liver.

Because anti-rejection medications weaken the immune system, your child may be more likely to get infections – and those infections will be harder to treat. You will need to notify the transplant team at the first sign of an infection, such as a fever, chills, sweats, coughing, nasal congestion, diarrhea, redness or swelling, pain, or vomiting. A referral to a doctor may be needed as well.

With immune-suppressing medications, the goal is to find a treatment plan that achieves the needed degree of immune suppression while causing the fewest and least harmful side effects. Regular blood tests will help your child’s doctors monitor the medications’ effectiveness.

The risk of organ rejection declines over time. This means that in time your child should be able to take lower doses of anti-rejection medications. Most likely, tuttavia, he or she will need to continue taking at least a low dose of immune-suppressing medication lifelong.

Here at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and elsewhere, research is underway to learn more about whether some liver transplants patients can eventually stop taking immune-suppressing medication without increasing their risk for rejection of the transplanted organ. This research is a long-term effort, tuttavia, and it will be years before we can answer this question.

For more information, please visit: www.chp.edu/rarecare or call (412) 692-RARE (7273)

In Part 2 of this article, Dr. Squires will summarize the findings of a recent study of outcomes in children with PA and methylmalonic acidemia who received liver transplants at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC.

2017 Warrior Wisdom Conference Welcome

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The Propionic Acidemia Foundation invites you to join us at the 2017 Warrior Wisdom Conference in Deerfield, Illinois to be held at the Hyatt Regency Deerfield from June 8th – 10th, 2017. You will hear from physicians and researchers about propionic acidemia and have the opportunity to learn more in small breakout sessions of your choice. Take this opportunity to learn about current studies on propionic acidemia and how you can participate and move us forward in finding better treatments and cure. As always, there will be ample time for networking. Children will have fun with our volunteers and make new friends. Healthcare providers and researchers will have the opportunity to learn more about PA and meet the families they are striving to help.

Per informazioni sponsorizzazione e-mail,,en,Per informazioni sponsorizzazione e-mail,,en,Per informazioni sponsorizzazione e-mail,,en,Per informazioni sponsorizzazione e-mail,,en [email protected]

Un cuore sentito ringraziamento ai nostri sponsor per conferenze,,en,Sponsor di supporto,,en,Un cuore sentito ringraziamento ai nostri sponsor per conferenze,,en,Sponsor di supporto,,en,Un cuore sentito ringraziamento ai nostri sponsor per conferenze,,en,Sponsor di supporto,,en,Un cuore sentito ringraziamento ai nostri sponsor per conferenze,,en,Sponsor di supporto,,en

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Bryan K.’s Story

Bryan’s Story

Aggiornato nel 4/2022 nella newsletter di primavera

Ciao a tutti. I am 35 anni e soffro di acidemia propionica. La vita con l’acidemia propionica non è sempre facile. Mi è stata diagnosticata tardi, cosa che mi ha causato un ictus in tenera età. Dopo anni trascorsi su sedia a rotelle e deambulatore ho avuto un recupero abbastanza normale.

In giro 2012 pochi giorni dopo una delle mie lezioni di kickboxing. Ho notato che il mio ginocchio era gonfio. Pensavo fosse dovuto alla mia lezione di kickboxing, ma invece era la malattia di Lyme. Qualcosa che mi colpisce molto oggi. Ho dei brividi dove i miei livelli di ammoniaca salgono alle stelle, Mi sento incredibilmente stanco, e i miei muscoli provano un dolore che non posso descrivere.

In 2015 Stavo trascorrendo il fine settimana della mia vita nel campeggio di mio fratello finché non mi sono svegliato in terapia intensiva. Ho deciso di gettare al vento la prudenza e ho provato a bere alcolici. Mi ha portato ad avere un'acidosi metabolica. Ho avuto la fortuna di non soffrire di gravi effetti collaterali.

Questa è la cosa tra l’acidemia propionica e la malattia di Lyme: non sai mai cosa potrebbe succedere! Oltre ai miei problemi di salute, devo ancora affrontare altri eventi della vita reale. Cose come il divorzio dei miei genitori, la scomparsa di mio nonno, e Covid-19.

Mi è sempre piaciuto fare cose consapevoli come lo yoga e prendermi cura di me stesso in generale. Tuttavia, non è stato fino ai miei genitori’ la relazione ha iniziato a peggiorare e ho scoperto la meditazione consapevole. Anche se ho visto la scritta sul muro, mi ha profondamente rattristato.

Ricordo di essermi imbattuto in Rebekah Borucki (BEXLIFE) su Youtube. Era un'insegnante di meditazione. Il mio mantra preferito era “Sono come una barca sull’oceano. I miei pensieri mi cullano solo un po', ma non mi portano mai via. Sono ancorato al qui e ora!” C'era qualcosa in quel detto che mi tranquillizzava.

Da quel momento in poi sono diventato ossessionato dal funzionamento della mente e dai benefici della meditazione consapevole. Ho imparato che una volta che ti rendi conto che tutto ciò che puoi controllare sei te stesso, la tua reazione, emozioni e che la felicità è una scelta. Solo allora troverai la pace interiore.

Avanti veloce a 2020, Ero rimasto bloccato con un lavoro di cui ero soddisfatto e di cui non ero soddisfatto. Lavoravo come cassiere in un negozio di alimentari, il che per me era fisicamente estenuante. Poi quella che si è trasformata in una sorta di benedizione, il virus ha colpito. Sapevo che con i miei problemi di salute la vendita al dettaglio non era più un'opzione per me.

Invece di affrontare la depressione e l'ansia per il virus, ho deciso di continuare il mio viaggio di consapevolezza. Dopo aver seguito più lezioni sulla consapevolezza e sulla meditazione, non potrei spiegarti quanto ti cambia la vita! Non mi stresso più per cose che non posso non controllare. Ora possiedo una routine di consapevolezza che consiste in una passeggiata nella natura, yoga e meditazione. Posso onestamente dire che mi godo la vita al massimo. Momento per momento.

Controlla il mio sito web all'indirizzo bepresentlifestyle.com e il mio gruppo Facebook “Sii presente nello stile di vita”

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Hello for those of you don’t know me, my name is Bryan. I am 31 anni. I was born with Propionic Acidemia. All'inizio i dottori non pensavano che ci fosse qualcosa di sbagliato in me,,en,Ho avuto un tubo di alimentazione per bere una formula speciale chiamata Propimex,,en,Lavoro come cassiere in un negozio di alimentari ma sogno è parlare in pubblico,,en. They told my mom I was just a sleepy baby but my mom knew that something was wrong. I was officially diagnosed at Saint Cristopher’s hospital when I was only a few months old. Shortly after I would start being seen at Children’s hospital of Philadelphia.

When I was really young I suffered a metabolic stroke and was in a comma for four days. The doctors said I would never walk or talk. That was not an option for me. Ricordando i giorni della sedia a rotelle,,en,camminatore e lezioni di parola mi ricorda di essere grato per dove sono oggi,,en,Sono in grado di camminare e parlare bene,,en,Tuttavia l'acidemia propionica ha effetti su di me,,en,Fino all'età di,,en,Ho avuto un tubo di alimentazione per bere una formula speciale chiamata Propimex,,en,Oggi sono in grado di berlo per bocca,,en,Quello che mi piace fare è mescolarlo con due tazze di latte intero con lo sciroppo di fragole,,en,Dal mio acido propionico soffro anche di cardiomiopatia che colpisce il mio cuore,,en,Sto prendendo carvedilolo,,en, walker and speech classes reminds me to be thankful for where I am at today. I am able to walk and talk just fine. However Propionic Acidemia has it ‘s effects on me. Until the age of 24 I had a feeding tube for drinking a special formula called Propimex – 2! Today I am able to drink it by mouth. What I like to do is mix it with two cups of whole milk with strawberry syrup. From my Propionic Acidemia I also suffer from Cardiomyopathy which effects my hart. I’m taking carvedilol 25 mg per tenerlo sotto controllo,,en,Ero originariamente su Lisinopril, poi ho appreso che può essere dannoso per il tuo rene,,en,Importante sapere,,en,La mia malattia renale cronica che non è stata trovata dal medico metabolico ma che si ritiene causata dalla mia Acidemia propionica è nella fase tre,,en,La cosa strana è normalmente con malattie renali che peggiorano solo,,en,ma il mio è effettivamente migliorato,,en,Una delle grandi cose è bere molta acqua,,en,Faccio del mio meglio per bere sessanta quattro once di acqua al giorno,,en,Ora un giorno la mia salute è davvero buona,,en. I was originally on Lisinopril then I learn that it can be harmful to your kindney’s. (Important to know)

My chronic kidney disease which was not found by metabolic doctor but believed to caused by my Propionic Acidemia is at stage three. The weird thing is normally with kidney diseases they only get worse, but mine has actually gotten better. One of the big things is to drink lots of water. I try my best to drink sixty four ounces of water a day.

Now a day’s my health is really good. I work as a cashier at a food store but dream is to public speaking. I have my own apartment and exercise daily cause I know how important it is for my muscles, mind and motor skills. I like yoga but anything you can do will help. I’m a picky eater but I am trying to teach myself to eat healthier. hope this article helps give people they can a somewhat normal life with Propionic Acidemia!

Check out my blog.

Jazmin

Jazmin G.

There are four children in our family, ages 16, 14, and our 6-year-old twins. Jazmin is 6, she was born on 1st July, 2012. She became ill for the first time in March 2016, she caught a cold. She got gradually worse: vomito, somnolence, and because of not being treated well enough, our daughter fell into coma. As a result of the hospital examination, Encephalitis viralis was diagnosed. Jazmin was examined for different viruses and metabolic diseases. The sample taken from the spinal cord was negative. After that she recovered without no further treatment.

Jazmin is fine now, developing well with 19 grams of daily protein intake. She eats by the mouth. She does not attend kindergarden yet, but she is really looking forward to it.